• Rear Seat Reminder, designed to remind drivers to check the back seat as they exit their vehicles, will be offered in many Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet and GMC vehicles by the 2018 model year.
GENERAL MOTORS
Your car already reminds you of a lot of things. Fasten your seat belt, charge your battery, inflate your tires, fill the tank. Now Congress wants car makers to work in another one: a reminder to check the backseat. The goal is to cut down on the number of kids who die every year in hot cars. On average, 37 kids die each year that way; this year, the toll is 35, and it's only August. The Hot Cars Act of 2017 — recently introduced in the House and the Senate — doesn't specify the form that reminder should take. Should it be a beep when you turn off the car? Should your car honk at you? Should your phone ring? Dr. Aditya Belwadi's job is to study questions like that. He oversees child passenger safety at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, looking at car seats, using crash dummies, computational models — anything related to kids' safety and cars. He did a survey of the technology that was available in 2011. His team went through 18 products, from wrist bands to pressure pads to GPS trackers. "We installed several makes, models, variations in technology, variations in how they notify the user," Belwadi says. "We actually had kids under the age of 2 and children between 2 and 4 years of age in car seats with parents and drove them around." The team was trying to get a sense for how reliable these products were in real life: jostled around, battery run down, out of range, covered in bread crumbs and apple juice. How'd it go? Well, the press release about the study was headlined: New Research Says Current Warning Systems Designed to Detect Children Left in Vehicles Are Not Reliable. Now, the landscape of technology to address this problem has changed. Carmakers and car seat makers are getting involved. General Motors released the Rear Seat Reminder system in the spring of 2016 in the GMC Acadia. The reminder "is activated when you use a rear door 10 minutes before or any time when the vehicle is on," says Tricia Morrow, a global safety engineer at GM. "Subsequently when you turn your vehicle off, the driver will hear five distinct chimes — they're different than any other chimes that you would hear in your vehicle." And a message displays in the dashboard. Morrow says the feature is now standard on over 20 models across GMC, Chevrolet, Buick and Cadillac. This summer, Nissan came out with its own version, called Rear Door Alert. It will honk at a driver who opened the rear door before driving somewhere and then leaves the car without opening the rear door again. Another promising technology is a chest clip sensor, introduced by car seat maker Evenflo in 2015, which notifies drivers if the harness is still clipped on a baby after the car is turned off. Waze, the popular smartphone traffic app, also has an option that will remind you to look in the back seat when you reach your destination. Belwadi thinks using the rear door as the trigger is the right approach, since it addresses kids both in and out of car seats. And he's excited about the Hot Cars Act of 2017 and the role that it could play to push manufacturers to address the issue. But even if the bill becomes law, new cars are required to have a reminder system, and it starts getting rolled out in every new car, it's still going to be a very long time before this technology is truly widespread. "If you bring a new technology in today it's going to take a good decade before every single car is going to have that," Belwadi says. "These technologies really cannot replace the impact of human behavior," he says. Parents are often tired, distracted, already pinged by so many other notifications from their cars and their phones. "How do you act? How do you notify the parent? Is it an app? Will it still work if your phone is dead? Is it a warning? Is your car going to honk or lower the windows, switch on the AC, or call 911?" GM's Morrow says the automaker has only done market research so far, so it's not known how well these new technologies work in the wild. They've yet to undergo the battery of tests and scenarios the earlier tools went through in the 2011 survey. And even if research leads to solutions that are reliable, effective and easy to roll out, Belwadi warns that people still can't let their guard down. "One of the challenges with technology is the over-reliance of them," he says. Public education and awareness is still essential, like the campaign "Look Before You Lock." It's a horrible thing for a child to die in the back of a car. And it can happen fast. "A lot of times we think that it's not going to happen to us because we're very careful as parents," Belwadi says. "But if you look at who this has happened to, it's everyday mom and dad."
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SELENA SIMMONS-DUFFIN, BYLINE: It's been a hot summer. Already 35 kids have died in hot cars. In late-June, a 2-year-old in Washington, D.C., almost added to those numbers. He was locked in a car in a Home Depot parking lot.
HAKIM CARROLL: We were knocking on the window really hard. He wasn't responding to us.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Hakim Carroll is a D.C. fire inspector who happened to be there and was called over by employees to help.
CARROLL: I decided to then break the window. The child still didn't respond.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: It was 88 degrees that day.
CARROLL: The kid still laid there limp - no response whatsoever. I was like, oh, man. I started fearing the worst 'cause that's so much noise. I mean it could wake anybody up.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: They got him out of the car and eventually were able to wake him up. This year, the death toll is on track to be higher than the average of 37.
TRICIA MORROW: We really felt that we had to do something that may help prevent some of these tragic deaths that we see.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Tricia Morrow is a global safety engineer at General Motors. She says their first approach was to use sensors that could detect a child or pet left in the back seat, but they just didn't work very well. So they went back to basics.
MORROW: What's the first thing you do when you put something in the back seat? You open the door.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: The feature is called Rear Seat Reminder. If you open a back door at least 10 minutes before you start the engine or while it's running, you get an alert when you turn the car off. (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: An audible chime sounds five times, and a rear seat reminder message is displayed in the driver information center.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: The feature debuted in the spring of 2016, and now...
MORROW: It's actually standard on over 20 models across GMC, Chevrolet, Buick and Cadillac.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Nissan just announced something similar, called Rear Door Alert. That one warns drivers after they've left the car and are walking away. (SOUNDBITE OF CAR HORN HONKING)
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: The Hot Cars Act in Congress is pretty bare bones. It says the secretary of transportation should issue a rule that makes new cars alert drivers to check the back seat. Neither the GM or Nissan systems do that very aggressively, and at this point, we don't really know what works to get someone's attention when a kid's getting left in the back seat.
ADITYA BELWADI: Definitely we need to kind of research this further.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Dr. Aditya Belwadi is a research scientist at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. He says researchers like him will need to study these alert systems being used in real life by parents to figure out what's most consistent and effective. Should it be car alarm loud? Should it be hard to dismiss somehow?
BELWADI: Is it an app? Will it still work if your phone is dead? Is it a warning? Is your car going to honk or, you know, lower the windows, switch on the AC or call 911 and so on?
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Back in 2012, Dr. Belwadi surveyed the technology that was available then to prevent hot car deaths. They were all aftermarket products and were pretty unreliable. He's excited about lawmakers and carmakers getting involved in the effort.
BELWADI: Whenever you look at this technology, we talk about four different things. We talk about education. We talk about engineering, economics and enforcement.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: The four Es - the bill, he says, goes to the enforcement part. It can push carmakers and car seat makers to take this on. He says until there's a technological solution, education is still the best tool to combat this problem. Always look before you lock.
BELWADI: Just being in the industry and interacting with parents from my own daycare where my kid goes, I see the increased awareness in people that, hey, this is a real issue and can happen to anybody.
SIMMONS-DUFFIN: Because technology can't do everything for us, we still have to try our very best to remember.
Selena Simmons-Duffin, NPR News, Washington.
Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
